Preparation of Out-of-School Learning Environment based on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education and Investigating its Effects

  • Esra Bozkurt Altan Department of Science and Mathematics Education, College of Education, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5592-1726
  • İrem Üçüncüoğlu Department of Science Education, Institute of Science, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
  • Nurhan Öztürk Department of Science and Mathematics Education, College of Education, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey

Abstract

This research aimed at preparing an out-of-school Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education program for secondary school students and investigating the effects of the program on students’ interest in STEM fields. As part of this investigation, this study sought the students’ awareness of a career in these fields as well as their comments on the process and the contribution of the process to the 21st century skills. The research was conducted with a mixed methods research design. The participants of the research consisted of 24 secondary school students. The data were collected through STEM career interest survey, STEM perception test, participants’ STEM diary, observation, and field notes. The study’s out-of-school STEM education program lasted 8 days. This study’s findings include students had an increased awareness and perception of building a career in the fields of STEM. It was confirmed that students had fun during the activities, and during the entire process, they made positive comments. Implications from this research highlight how this type of activity may improve the 21st century skills of the students.

References

Afterschool Alliance. (2013). Defining youth outcomes for STEM learning in afterschool. Washington, D.C. Retrieved from http://www.afterschoolalliance. org/STEM_Outcomes_2013.pdf

American Association of Colleges and Universities [AACU], (2007). College learning for the new global century. Washington, DC: AACU. Retrieved from https://www.aacu.org/sites/default/files/files/LEAP/GlobalCentury_final.pdf

Anna Uitto , Kalle Juuti , Jari Lavonen & Veijo Meisalo (2006) Students' interest in biology and their out-of-school experiences, Journal of Biological Education, 40:3, 124-129, DOI: 10.1080/00219266.2006.9656029

Aydeniz, M. & Bilican, K. (2017). STEM eğitiminde global gelişmeler ve Türkiye için çıkarımlar [Global developments in STEM education and implications for Turkey]. (3rd Press). In S. Çepni (Ed.), Kuramdan uygulamaya STEM+A+E Eğitimi [STEM education from theory to practice] (pp. 69-190). Turkey, Ankara: PegemA Press.

Baran, E., Canbazoglu Bilici, S., Mesutoglu, C. & Ocak, C. (2016). Moving STEM beyond schools: Students’ perceptions about an out-of-school STEM education program. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 4(1), 9-19.

Bicer, A., Beodeker, P., Capraro, R. M., & Capraro, M. M. (2015). The effects of STEM PBL on students’ mathematical and scientific vocabulary knowledge. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 2(2), 69-75.

Brunsell, E. (2012) The engineering design process. Brunsell, E. (Ed.) Integrating engineering + science in your classroom. Arlington, Virginia: National Science Teacher Association [NSTA] Press.

Buluş Kırıkkaya, E., Bozkurt, E. & İşeri, Ş., (2011). Effect of TÜBİTAK supported primary school students science summer school on students image of scientist. Mediterranean Journal of Educational Research, 9, 61-75.

Buluş Kırıkkaya,E., Bali, G., Bozkurt, E., İşeri, Ş. & Vurkaya, G., (2010, June). Entertaining science summer schoolactivities for primary pupils. Paper presented at the XIV. International Organization for Science and Technology Education (IOESTE) Symposium, Slovenia.

CavaÅŸ, B. (2011). Outdoor education in natural life park: an experience from Turkey. Science Education International, 22(2), 152-160.

Cavaş, B., Cavaş, P., Muşlu Kaygısız, G. & Kesercioğlu, T. (2013, October). Outdoor education in Izmir natural life park. Paper presented IOSTE Eurasian Regional Symposium & Brokerage event Horizon, Turkey.

Christensen, R. & Knezek, G. (2017). Relationship of middle school student STEM interest to career intent. Journal of Education in Science, Environment and Health (JESEH), 3(1), 1- 13.

Creswell, J W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson, Boston.

Çorlu, M. S. (2017). STEM: Bütünleşik Öğretmenlik Çerçevesi [STEM: Framework of integrated Teacher]. In M. S. Corlu, E. Çallı (Eds.), STEM Kuram ve Uygulamaları [Theory and Practice of STEM] (pp. 1-10). Turkey, Ankara: Pusula Press.

Dabney, K. J., Tai, R.H., Almarode, J.T., MillerFriedmann, J.L.,Sonnert, G., Sadler, P.M. & Hazari, Z. (2012). Out-of-School Time Science Activities and Their Association with Career Interest in STEM, International Journal of Science Education, Part B, 2(1), 63-79.

Dubetz, T., Wilson J.A. (2013). Girls in engineering, mathematics and science, GEMS: A science outreach program for middle-school female students. Journal of STEM Education, 14(3), 41-47.

Duch, B. J., Groh, S. E., Allen, D. E. (2001). Why problem-based learning? A case study of institutional change in undergraduate education. In B. Duch, S. Groh, & D. Allen (Eds.), The power of the problem based learning. Sterling, VA:Stylus.

English, L. D. (2016). STEM education K-12: perspectives on integration. International Journal of STEM Education, 3(3), 2-8.

Eshach, H.(2007). Bridging in-school and out-of-school learning: formal, non-formal, and informal education. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 16(2), 171-190.

Feder, M.A.& Jolly, E. (2017). What do we know about stem in out-of-school setings? A National Research Council Report. STEM Ready America.

Fllis, A. K. & Fouts, J. T. (2001). Interdisciplinary curriculum: The research base: The decision to approach music curriculum from an interdisciplinary perspective should include a consideration of all the possible benefits and drawbacks. Music Educators Journal, 87(5), 22-68.

Gülhan, F. & Şahin F. (2016). The effects of science-technology-engineering-math (STEM) integration on 5th grade students’ perceptions and attitudes towards these areas. International Journal of Human Sciences, 13(1), 602-620.

Grolnick, W. S., Farkas, M. S., Sohmer, R., Michaels, J., & Valsiner, J. (2007). Facilitating Motivation in Young Adolescents: Effects of an After-School Program. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 28, 332-344.

Hung, W. (2009). The 9-step problem design process for problem based learning: Application of the 3C3R model. Educational Research Review, 4(2009), 118-141.

International Society for Technology in Education [ISTE]. (2007). The national educational technology standards and performance indicators for students. Eugene, OR: ISTE.

Koyunlu Unlu, Z., Dokme, I., & Unlu, V. (2016). Adaptation of the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics career interest survey (STEM-CIS) into Turkish. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 63, 21-36.

Leblebicioğlu, G., Metin, D., Yardımcı, E. & Berkyürek, İ. (2011). Teaching the nature of science in the nature: asummer science camp. Elementary Education Online, 10(3), 1037-1055.

Marshall, C.& Rossman, G. B. (2006). Designing qualitative research (4th Edition). Sage Publications, USA.

Metin, D. & Leblebicioğlu, G. (2011). How did a science camp affect children’s conceptions of science? Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 12(1), 1-29.

Metin,D. & Leblebicioğlu, G. (2012). The effect of the science camp program on children’s views of he tentative nature of science. Journal of Studies in Education, 2(1), 164-183.

Muro, J., & Kottman, T. (1995). Guidance and counselling in the elementary and middle schools. Dubuque, IA: Brown & Benchmark.

National Academy of Engineering [NAE] & National Research Council [NRC] (2009). Engineering in K-12 education understanding the status and improving the prospects. Edt. Katehi, L., Pearson, G. & Feder, M. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

National Assessment Governing Board [NAGB]. (2010). Technology and engineering literacy framework for the 2014 national assessment of educational progress (Pre-Publication Edition). San Francisco.

National Research Council [NRC]. (2012). A Framework for k-12 science education: practices, crosscutting concepts, and core ideas. Washington DC: The National Academic Press.

National Research Council. (2009). Learning science in informal environments: People, places, and pursuits. Retrieved from http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12190

National Research Council. (2015). Identifying and supporting productive STEM programs in out-of-school settings, committee on successful out-of-school stem learning, board on science education, division of behavioral and social sciences and education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

Nazier, G.L. (1993). Science and engineering professors: Why did they choose science as a career? School Science and Mathematics, 93(6), 321–327.

Next Generations Science Standards [NGGS]. (2013). The next generation science standards-executive summary. Retrieved from http://www.nextgenscience.org/sites/ngss/files/Final%20Release%20NGSS%20Fron t%20Matter%20-%206.17.13%20Update_0.pdf

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [OECD], (2005). The definition and selection of key competencies: Executive summary. Paris, France: OECD.

Partnership for 21st Century Skills [P21], (2013). A Report and mile guide for 21th century skills. Washington DC: Partnership for 21st Century Skills.

President’s Council Of Advisors on Science and Technology [PCAST] (2010). Prepare and inspire: K-12 education in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) for America’s future. Executive Office of the President. Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-stemedreport.pdf

Shaughnessy, J. J., Zechmeisteri E. B. & Zechmeister, J. S. (2006). Research methods in psychology (7th Edition). New York: Mc Graw Hill Higher Education.

Smith, J. & Karr-Kidwell, P. (2000). The interdisciplinary curriculum: a literary review and a manual for administrators and teachers. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED443172).

Stevens, R., Bransford, J., & Stevens, A. (2005). The LIFE Center’s Life-long and Life-wide Diagram. Retrieved from http://life-slc.org/about/citationdetails.html

Sullivan, F. R. (2008). Robotics and science literacy: Thinking skills, science process skills and systems understanding. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 45(3), 373–394.

Şahin, A., Ayar, M. C.&Adıgüzel, T. (2014). STEM related after-school program activities and associated outcomes on student learning. Educational Science: Theory & Practice, 14(1), 309-322.

Turkish Industry and Business Association (2014). Demand and expectations research for labor force trained in STEM. Retrieved from http://www.stemtusiad.org/bilgi merkezi/anket-raporu.

Uitto, A., Juuti, K., Lavonen, J. & Meisalo, V. (2006) Students' interest in biology and their out-of-school experiences. Journal of Biological Education, 40(3), 124-129.

Wyss, V.L., Heulskamp,D. & Siebert, C.J. (2011). Increasing middle school student interest in STEM careers with videos of scientists. International Journal of Environmental & Science, 7(4), 501-522.

Published
2019-06-06